Optical, morphological and Physico-chemical Properties For some soils in central and northern Iraq, using a digital camera

The study was conducted in three selected sites representing the soils of governorates central and northern Iraq (Salah al-Din, Kirkuk, Erbil), to determine effect morphological, physical chemical characteristics some soil genetic horizons on their spectral reflectivity using digital camera as well Knowing degree development classification according Quantitative (American) system for classifying soils, Three pedons these were excavated, morphologically diagnosed samples obtained from each horizon pedon conduct laboratory tests properties. Pictures taken that combine dry wet samples; In order calculate RGB values ERDAS software. results revealed a heterogeneity morphological represented by dominant color class pedon, with diagnosis features surface diagnostic Ochric subsurface Gypsic, Calcic Argillic. also found high decreased condition, lowest value horizons, it reached 44.87% second highest Cky1 1, where its ratio is 72.15% ,and red at band Erbil result iron oxides. Show hematological differences index brightness (value), hue oxides most influential traits indices are texture content silt clay moisture content, organic matter, oxides, gypsum lime horizons.